Editor’s Note: This is part five of a five part series on supplemental income streams in retirement.
We’ve all heard the phrase “Cash is King,” and we’ve probably all heard it used to describe a variety of financial principles. While a stack of cash won’t multiply on its own to independently fund your retirement, cash reserves should be part of your overall retirement plan, offering liquidity and flexibility in uncertain or volatile markets.
The common emergency fund advice suggests having three to six months of cash on hand during your working years to address emergency needs like an unexpected expense, or to buffer against job loss. But, when you’re done earning, with limited options to quickly raise funds, it is wise to have 12 to 24 months’ worth of your expenses accessible in cash reserves.
That may seem like an awful lot of cash to leave metaphorically lying around – and it absolutely is – but the bottom line is you need a larger amount of cash on hand in retirement than you do when you’re working with a steady stream of income. Having access to a pool of reserves may help you avoid liquidating assets in down markets. And, the good news is that having access to cash doesn’t mean it has to be idle. There are ways you can maintain cash liquidity and still earn modest yields on your emergency fund while at the same time helping to combat inflation.
Set up a bank sweep
A bank sweep program transfers funds to a higher interest (FDIC insurance eligible) account once a certain deposit threshold is met. For example, a bank sweep could be set to transfer any excess cash from your checking account to a high-interest savings or investment account once your account balance reaches $10,000. A bank sweep can help you maintain enough cash on hand to manage everyday expenses while ensuring that the excess is going to work in an interest-bearing account. Sweeps are automated, requiring no extra effort from account holders.
Sweeps also can be set to help provide supplemental income from your investments by working in reverse. If your checking account dips below a set threshold, the sweep can automatically transfer money from your savings or investment account back to your checking, ensuring you have the necessary liquid cash to meet your expenses.
Sweeps are a good and low-effort method of moving excess cash to an interest earning account. It’s important to consider, though, that there may be fees to set up the account and potentially to transfer money out of interest-bearing accounts back to checking. Your financial advisor can help analyze your spending and future financial needs to help determine if a sweep account is appropriate for you.
Invest in a money market fund
Money market funds are another option for investors to earn modest returns without sacrificing short-term access to their money. Money market funds are invested in high-liquidity assets like corporate debt, short-term certificates of deposit (CD), and government bonds. They are designed for investors who may need to enter or exit the investment quickly, so they carry limited barriers for entry, shorter terms and – as a result - limited capital appreciation for your investment.
Because yields from money market funds are generally minimal, they are not a recommended instrument for building your retirement assets. In fact, in a low interest rate environment, money market funds can struggle to keep pace with inflation. They can be effective to supplement your retirement income, though, especially when interest rates are high. Since money market funds are not invested in stocks, participants stand little risk of losing on their investment – making money market funds a relatively safe option for realizing modest gains on your liquid cash. However, they aren’t ideal for long-term investing, as other investments may offer more attractive returns.
Consider a short-term certificate of deposit
When it comes to having quick access to your money, a CD may not initially be top of mind due to the traditional longer maturity terms of a few years to a decade or more. But, CDs are also available in terms of a year or less and sometimes as few as 30 days. Short-term CDs can be a great way to set money aside for a planned future expense – like home repairs or a small trip – while earning a guaranteed rate of return for a specified period in the form of interest.
When investing in a short-term CD, it’s important to remember that your money is locked in for the term of the CD and any early withdrawal will likely incur a penalty. Short-term CDs also traditionally earn a lower interest rate than longer-term instruments. Still, you can always re-invest the proceeds of a shorter-term CD back into another CD or other investment vehicle once it matures. In a rising interest rate environment, short-term CDs can be a particularly effective investment for earning a small yield while considering your options for the future of your money.
A financial advisor can help you determine your unique mix to allocate for your emergency fund, liquid investments, and growth and income solutions. As you enter retirement, it’s important to have access to cash for unexpected expenses. And while it’s best not to count on your emergency fund as a high-growth investment opportunity, it also doesn’t mean you need to store it under your mattress. Low-yield, low-risk investments can help modestly grow your cash reserves without risking your ability to pay for a rainy day.
